Wednesday, 20 April 2011
Saturday, 9 April 2011
sonia gandhi
Sonia Gandhi (Hindi: सोनिया गांधी; born Edvige Antonia Albina Maino[2][3][4] on December 9, 1946)[5] is the President of Indian National Congress, one of the major political parties of India. She is Italian-born daughter-in-law of the late Prime Minister of India, Mrs. Indira Gandhi. After her husband Rajiv Gandhi's assassination in 1991, she was invited by the Indian Congress Party to take over the Congress but she refused and publicly stayed away from politics amidst constant prodding by the Congress. She finally agreed to join politics in 1997 and in 1998, she was elected as the leader of the Congress. Since then, she has been thePresident of the Indian National Congress Party becoming the longest serving President in September 2010. She has served as the Chairperson of the ruling United Progressive Alliancein the Lok Sabha since 2004. In September 2010, on being re-elected for the fourth time, she became the longest serving president in the 125-year history of the Congress party.[6]
Gandhi was named the third most powerful woman in the world by Forbes magazine in the year 2004[7] and was ranked 6th in 2007.[8] In 2010, Gandhi ranked as the ninth most powerful person on the planet by Forbes Magazine.[9] She was also named among the Time 100 most influential people in the world for the years 2007[10] and 2008.[11] The British magazine New Statesman listed Sonia Gandhi at number 29th in their annual survey of "The World's 50 Most Influential Figures" in the year 2010.[12]
She was born to Stefano and Paola Maino in contrada Màini ("Maini street") in Lusiana, a little village 30 km from Vicenza in the region of Veneto, Italy. She spent her adolescence inOrbassano, a town near Turin, being raised in a traditional Roman Catholic family and attending a Catholic school. Her father, a building contractor, died in 1983.[13] Her mother and two sisters still live around Orbassano.[14]
In 1964, she went to study English at the Bell Educational Trust's language school in the city of Cambridge. She met Rajiv Gandhi, who was enrolled in Trinity College at the University of Cambridge in 1965 at a Greek restaurant while working there, as a waitress to make ends meet.[15][16] Sonia and Rajiv Gandhi married in 1968, following which she moved into the house of her mother-in-law and then Prime Minister, Indira Gandhi.[17]
The couple had two children, Rahul Gandhi (born 1970) and Priyanka Gandhi (born 1972). Despite belonging to the influential Nehru family, Sonia and Rajiv avoided all involvement in politics. Rajiv worked as an airline pilot while Sonia took care of her family.[18] When Indira was ousted from office in 1977 in the aftermath of the Indian Emergency, the Rajiv family moved abroad for a short time.[citation needed] When Rajiv entered politics in 1982 after the death of his younger brother Sanjay Gandhi in a plane crash on 23 June 1980, Sonia continued to focus on her family and avoided all contact with the public.[19]
Political career
Wife of the Prime Minister
Sonia Gandhi's involvement with Indian public life began after the assassination of her mother-in-law and her husband's election as Prime Minister. As the Prime Minister's wife she acted as his official hostess and also accompanied him on a number of state visits.[citation needed]In 1984, she actively campaigned against her husband's sister-in-law Maneka Gandhi who was running against Rajiv in Amethi. At the end of Rajiv Gandhi's five years in office, the Bofors Scandal broke out. Ottavio Quattrocchi an Italian business man believed to be involved, was said to be a friend of Sonia Gandhi, having access to the Prime Minister's official residence.[20] In 1980, her name appeared in the voter's list for New Delhi prior to her becoming an Indian Citizen, when she was still holding Italian Citizenship.[21] It was a violation of Indian Laws[22] When she did acquire Indian Citizenship in April 1983, the same issue cropped up again, as her name appeared on the 1983 voter's list when the deadline for registering had been in January 1983.[23][24]
Congress President
After the assassination of her husband Rajiv Gandhi and her refusal of becoming Prime Minister, the party settled on the choice of P. V. Narasimha Rao who became leader and subsequently Prime Minister. Over the next few years, however, the Congress fortunes continued to dwindle and it lost the 1996 elections. Several senior leaders such asMadhavrao Sindhia, Rajesh Pilot, Narayan Dutt Tiwari, Arjun Singh, Mamata Banerjee, G. K. Moopanar, P. Chidambaram, Jayanthi Natarajan were in open revolt against the incumbent President Sitaram Kesri and quit the party, splitting the Congress into many factions.
In an effort to revive the party's sagging fortunes, she joined the Congress Party as a primary member in the Calcutta Plenary Session in 1997 and became party leader in 1998.[25]
Within 62 days of joining of a primary member, she was offered the party President post which she accepted. She contested Lok Sabha elections from Bellary, Karnataka andAmethi, Uttar Pradesh in 1999. In Bellary she defeated veteran BJP leader, Sushma Swaraj. In 2004 and 2009, she was re-elected to the Lok Sabha from Rae Bareli in Uttar Pradesh.
Leader of the Opposition
When the BJP-led NDA formed a government under Atal Bihari Vajpayee, she took on the office of the Leader of Opposition. As Leader of Opposition, she called a no-confidence motion against the NDA government led by Vajpayee in 2003.
She holds the record of having served as Congress President for 10 years consecutively.
2004 elections and aftermath
In the 2004 general elections, Gandhi launched a nationwide campaign, criss-crossing the country on the Aam Aadmi (ordinary man) slogan in contrast to the 'India Shining' slogan of the BJP-led National Democratic Alliance (NDA) alliance. She countered the BJP asking "Who is India Shining for?" In the election, she won by a large margin in the Rae Bareilly constituency in Uttar Pradesh. Following the unexpected defeat of the NDA, she was widely expected to be the next Prime Minister of India. On 16 May, she was unanimously chosen to lead a 15-party coalition governmentwith the support of the left, which was subsequently named the United Progressive Alliance (UPA).
After the election result, the defeated NDA protested once against her 'foreign origin' and senior NDA leader Sushma Swaraj threatened to shave her head and "sleep on the ground", among other things, should Sonia become prime minister.[26] The NDA also claimed that there were legal reasons that barred her from the Prime Minister's post.[27] They pointed, in particular, to Section 5 of the Indian Citizenship Act of 1955, which they claimed implied 'reciprocity'. This was contested by others[28] and eventually the suits were dismissed by the Supreme Court of India.
A few days after the election, Gandhi appointed Manmohan Singh as prime minister. Her supporters compared it to the old Indian tradition ofrenunciation,[29] while her opponents attacked it as a political stunt.[30]
UPA Chairperson
On 23 March 2006, Gandhi announced her resignation from the Lok Sabha and also as chairperson of the National Advisory Council under the office-of-profit controversy and the speculation that the government was planning to bring an ordinance to exempt the post of chairperson of National Advisory Council from the purview of office of profit. She was re-elected from her constituency Rae Bareilly in May 2006 by a huge margin of over 400,000 votes.
As chairperson of the National Advisory Committee and the UPA chairperson, she played an important role in making the National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme and the Right to Information Act into law.[31][32]
She addressed the United Nations on 2 October 2007, Mahatma Gandhi's birth anniversary which is observed as the international day of non-violence after a UN resolution passed on 15 July 2007.[33]
Under her leadership, India returned the Congress-led-UPA to a near majority in the 2009 general elections with Manmohan Singh as the Prime Minister. The Congress itself won 206 Lok Sabha seats, which was the highest total by any party since 1991.
Personal life
Sonia is the widow of the late Rajiv Gandhi, elder son of Indira Gandhi. There has been considerable media speculation for over a decade about their future role in the Congress. After a period of uncertainty, both Rahul and Priyanka became primary members of the Congress party. While Priyanka has so far restricted herself to organizing her mother's election campaigns and taking care of Sonia's constituency, Rahul Gandhi has gone on to take formal charge as General Secretary of the Congress Party. He is also currently head of the Youth Congress.
Controversies
Swiss bank accounts
Gandhi, and her late husband Rajiv Gandhi, have been dogged by accusations that they illegally hold money in Swiss bank accounts.[citation needed] In early 2011, this issue was brought up in a report published by a task force led by an opposition party (BJP), Mrs. Gandhi denied the existence of these accounts in a letter to the BJP President, L. K. Advani. Mr. Advani and the BJP accepted her denial but indicated that they would continue to investigate the existence of 'black-money accounts' abroad.[34][35]
Foreign birth
Gandhi's foreign birth has sparked intense debate and opposition.[26][36][37] Although Sonia Gandhi is actually the fifth foreign-born person to be leader of the Congress Party, she is the first since independence in 1947.[38]
Early in her leadership, there was even criticism from within the Congress Party. In May 1999, three senior leaders of the party (Sharad Pawar, Purno A. Sangma, and Tariq Anwar) challenged her right to try to become India's Prime Minister because of her foreign origins. In response, she offered to resign as party leader, resulting in an outpouring of support and the expulsion from the party of the three rebels who went on to form the Nationalist Congress Party.[39]
A senior Congress leader Pranab Mukherjee said that she surrendered her Italian passport to the Italian Embassy 27 April 1983. Italian nationality law did not permit dual nationality until 1992. So by acquiring Indian citizenship in 1983 she would automatically have lost Italian citizenship.[40]
ana hazare
Social activist Anna Hazare's fast unto death dharna has entered the third day on Thursday, and there is already one big casualty among political bigwigs with Agriculture Minister Sharad Pawar quitting the GoM on corruption. However, Hazare still demands that Pawar should be removed as minister too. Meanwhile, Anna's doctors have also joined the fast-unto-death dharna. Anna's physician Sunil Gandhe said, "There is no reason to worry as of now, but he is 73-year-old and if the fast continues for 2-3 days more, it will be a problem," Gandhe said.
"I'll request all the government personalities to deal with this matter as early as possible, otherwise in future it may create a problem to some vital organ," Gandhe added.
His neurologist said that Anna has a little high blood pressure problem. "From today onwards we will give him small medications so that we can keep it under check," he said.
Addressing the media on Thursday, Anna said that he his sure he will be fine for another week and appealed the people not to worry about him. "I am feeling well, only feeling a bit weak. I have lost 1.5 kilograms. God is with me and he will protect me," he said.
Remembering the sacrifices of Bhagat Singh and Rajguru, Anna said, "People accuse me of joining hands with BJP. They have forgotten the sacrifices of Bhagat Singh and Rajguru. I have kept their sacrifices close to my heart and so I'm not scared of dying."
Responding to the Congress referring to fasting as a wrong path, Anna said, "Yesterday, a Congress spokesperson said that going on fast is a wrong path. I don't think he was born when Gandhiji went on fast. Hunger strike is used as a last resort."
The UPA government is likely to send one of its troubleshooters to negotiate with Hazare. Sources said that at Wednesday's Cabinet meeting, the Prime Minister spoke to Telecom Minister Kapil Sibal and Information and Broadcasting Minister Ambika Soni, who said the government should reach out but not give in to demands completely.
Spontaneous protests on Wednesday stopped politicians trying to reach out to Anna Hazare. The message is clear - there is no place for politicians in a people's darbar against corruption.
Anna Hazare who has been fasting for two days sent out a curt message to the Prime Minister and the political parties – don’t mess around.
"Unhappy that instead of solving the issue of corruption, Government is more bothered about speculating on our movement. I have heard that people have said that I have been cornered into fasting. This is an insult to my intelligence and wisdom. I have exercised my restraint. We have eight versions of the Lokpal Bill. You (the Prime Minister) haven't passed the weak version. Please do not mislead the nation, by telling that we are not ready to talk," Hazare wrote in the letter.
"You have said that the Government has initiated certain processes. Some of the people drafting the legislation should have been in jail. Should I have faith in these processes? If you were in my place, would you still have faith in these processes?" he asked.
"I am not a child and please don't doubt my wisdom. I take suggestion from my colleague, but make my own decision. We were not getting any response from the Prime Minister and Sonia Gandhi. They did not send any reply to three of my letters, that's why I decide to go on fast-unto-death," he wrote.
As Hazare's movement gains momentum, parties rush in. For the BJP, it's a chance to strengthen its campaign before assembly elections, while for the Congress, it couldn't have come at a worse time.
Sensing the mood, the Congress and the government moved in their crisis managers.
Law Minister Veerappa Moily who is also reframing the Lokpal bill has promised to incorporate some suggestions.
"Even on the demand for joint committee, we said we were open. We never closed our mind even on the formation of joint committee...In principle we did not say no," Moily said adding, that the Prime Minister was open to all suggestions on the bill.
Jammu & Kashmir Chief Minister Omar Abdullah, sensing the public mood, supported Anna.
The government which is snowed by scams is now careful not to take on Hazare, the people's face in the fight against corruption.
The BJP on a bit of a backfoot after an aggressive speech by the PM in Parliament has bounced back on the strength of Hazare's fast.
Government sources have admitted that they are in a bit of a bind, that they underestimated the strength of Hazare's campaign, and though it would want the hunger strike to end soon, it doesn't want to be on the wrong side of the political space either.
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